How can we give sympathy expression to someone?

We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.


Several expressions of sympathy :



— I’d like to express my deepest condolences

— I’m sorry to hear that

— I’m awfully sorry about…

— Oh, how awful!

— Oh, dear!

— You must be very upset

— Oh, what a shame

— How pity you are!

— How terrible / awful for you



Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :


Deriven : Hey ! What’s wrong with you ?

Noni : My homework is lost. I forget to put in my bag.

Deriven : I’m sorry to hear that.

Formula :
(+) S + To be + O
S + Verb (+s/es) + O
(-) S + to be + O
S + Do/Does + not + Verb + O
(?) To be + S + O + ?
Do/Does + S + Verb + O + ?


Simple present tense is used to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations and emotions or wishes.


Adverb of time :

•Always
•Never
•Every
•Often
•Seldom
•Usually
•Sometimes


Verbal sentence
Formula :
(+) S + Verb I (-s/-es) + O
(-) S + do/does + not + verb I + O
(?) Do/does + s + verb I + O + ?



Non Verbal sentence
Formula :
(+) S + to be (am/is/be) + noun /adjective/adverb
(-) S + to be + not + noun /adjective/adverb
(?) To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb

This is shapes and body parts.So, you can learn it and see your body part ... :)

Pattern A : S + to be (was/were) + O
(+) S + was/were + O
(-) S + was/were + not + O
(?) Was/were + S + O + ?


Example :
(+) I was a student
(-) I was not a student
(?) Was I a student ?

Pattern B : S + verb II + O
(+) S + verb II + O
(-) S + did + not + verb I + O
(?) Did + S + verb I + O + ?



Example ;
(+) I saw the girl
(-) I did not see the girl
(?) Did I see the girl ?


Time signal :
•Yesterday
•Last night
•An hour ago
•In (year)
•The other day
•Every day last year
•Last year


Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form. Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?


Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling


Simple Past Tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past


The pattern :
(+) Subject + verb II + complement
(-) Subject + did not + verb II + complement
(?) Did + subject + verb I


The examples :
(+) I went to Tangkiling yesterday
(-) I did not go anywhere last night
(?) Did you go last week?


Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, a few minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.
The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement


Examples:
(+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we came?


Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

Pattern I : S + have/has + been + complement
Pattern II : S + have/has + Verb III + O/adverb

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:

I have arrived.

A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:

I have not arrived.

Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:

Has she arrived?


Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened


The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement


Example :
(+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we came?


Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.


Past Future Tense is used to assert an action or an event that will happened before or at the other event happened at the past future.


Pattern I : S + would/should + have + been + complement
Pattern II : S + would/should + have + verb III + O/adverb


Present Future Tense is used to assert an action or an event that will happened or will finished at the definite time at the future.


Pattern I : S + (except I) + will/shall + have + been + complement
Pattern II : S + will/shall + have + Verb III + O/adverb

The generic structure of Descriptive text :

Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described.


Description :
Describes part qualities & characteristic.


Linguistic features :

1.Specific participants.
2.Linking verbs.
3.Simple present.
4.Adjective.
5.Noun phrase.

Look this




Rafflesia Arnoldii is a rare flower that is well known because of the size of the flower's petals and the smell of rotten meat that it gives out.

This enormous and rare flower grows in the forest of Southeast Asia, including the Phillipines. Its large flower can grow to 3 meters in diameter and weigh up to 11 kilograms. It does not have any leaves, stem, or roots and because of lacking clorophyls this plant can not photosynthesize making it a parasite, living on other plants nutrition. The flower has five petals red in colour and has white spots, which surrounds the middle of the flower much like a hole. At the base of the flower there is a part which has needles and contains the reproduction parts of the flower.

Rafflesia Arnoldii reproduces with the help of flies that are attracted to the flowers smell (which some observers say smells much like bad meat and rotten eggs mixed). The flower only lasts for five to seven days and then dies.

Kind of happiness expression ;
1.    Gestures
2.    Words

What would you say to express your happiness?

• I’m happy……
• I’m (very)pleased / (really) delighted (about)….
• I can’t say how pleased / delighted I am about it
• I am so glad to hear that
• Great!
• Terrific!
• Fantastic!

Example:

 When my friends are happy in class and watch it ....

How do you greet other people?
Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening
Hello, Ewo
Hello, Agnes
How are you?
How’s everything with you?
How’s life ?
How are you getting along ?
How are you doing ?

Responding :
Hi/Hello
Good Morning,Deriven.Morning
Fine, thanks
Pretty good, thanks
I’m well, thanks
Not bad, thanks. And you?

How do you  introduce yourself?
Let me ( allow me to ) introduce myself, my name is Deriven
Hello, I’m Tiani
Hi, I’m Nona Noni. You can call me Noni.
Hello, my name is Fanny Pratiwi


How do you introduce other people?
I would like to introduce Ria Saputri
I would like you to meet Grace
Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Agus Kuncoro

How do you close or end your conversation?
Well, I should be going now. See you!
I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later
Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

Leave-taking :
Good night, Mom /dad
See you tomorrow
Good bye / bye-bye / bye
See you later
I’m sorry. I must go now
See you around
Have a nice trip

Responding :
Good night,dear.
See you
Good bye / bye-bye / bye
So long
Thanks